Geologic Time Scale A List of Eons, Eras, and Periods

Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare - 646 Words

William Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights of all time. He has written over 30 plays that include comedies, histories, and tragedies. A tragedy is about the downfall of a tragic hero, and the tragic hero is someone of greater power or high standing obtaining a flaw. One of Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies is the story of Julius Caesar. In this story, the main character, Julius Caesar, is plotted against his best friend, Brutus, and the head of the conspiracy, Cassius. After Caesar gets assassinated, his right hand man, Mark Antony, tries to get revenge on the people that killed him. However, in this particular story, the main character is not the tragic hero. The tragic hero, Brutus, is the most consistent throughout the play unlike the other three characters, Caesar, Antony, and Cassius. Considering the fact the Julius Caesar is the main character, and the name of the play, many people think that he is the tragic hero. However, the only tragic thing he experienced was is death. The tragic hero is supposed to have strength, which Caesar does not. For example, when, â€Å"†¦he swounded and fell down at it (I, ii, 245),† he shows that he is weak and cannot even stand up for himself. Another example is when he cries, â€Å"Help me, Cassius, or I sink (I, ii, 111),† and Cassius has to save him from drowning in the river of Tiber. Caesar thinks he is omniscient and powerful, but in reality he is just as normal as any other man. Unfortunately, Caesar does not realize this andShow MoreRelatedJulius Caesar - William Shakespeare731 Words   |  3 Pages1. Julius Caesar – William Shakespeare a. Plot: Romans are going crazy over Julius Caesar. Even though he’s just a senator, the treatment is a bit more royal. Some of the other elite aren’t so happy that the little people like him so much. Caesar is warned, â€Å"beware the ides of march,† which he promptly ignores. Cassius, a worried upper class man, grooms Brutus, a good man, to be sure of himself and to worry about Caesar. Brutus tends to represent the morality and public opinion. The upper class learnRead MoreJulius Caesar by William Shakespeare560 Words   |  2 Pages A tragedy is a story in where the main character obtains a flaw that leads to their downfall. This main character, called a tragic hero, possesses qualities that cause their demise. These qualities are called tragic flaws. In Julius Caesar, both Julius Caesar and Brutus can be seen as tragic heroes. However, Brutus is the most tragic hero of the two. The qualities that make Brutus a hero are also the qualities that lead to his dow nfall. He cares about everyone, and makes each decision for the goodRead MoreJulius Caesar by William Shakespeare2100 Words   |  9 PagesIn the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, Mark Antony is depicted as a better leader than Brutus, due to his cunning use of rhetoric when addressing the plebeians after Caesar’s death. This essay will be divided into two sections to explore the ways in which Antony is depicted as better leader. The First section will contextualise the extracts used for analysis, and compare Brutus’s pedestrian speech with Mark Antony’s impressive oratory. This will be done by defining what rhetoric is, andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1082 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Et tu, Brutà ©? Then fall Caesar† (III.i 179). The fatal stabs of the conspirators did not kill the all-mighty Julius Caesar, for the sharp butcher of Brutus pierced his heart and condemned his life to cessation. This dramatic, mood changing affai r serves as the pivotal platform in William Shakespeare’s, Julius Caesar. It is a compelling novel that recounts the unjust murder of Julius Caesar, an ancient Roman general. Oblivious to this conspicuous foreshadowing, Caesar fails to distinguish his trueRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar888 Words   |  4 Pagesof words? William Shakespeare, in his play Julius Caesar, demonstrates how brilliant command of the English language can convey a deeper depth of meaning than just the denotation of words. Towards the beginning of Julius Caesar, Shakespeare introduces Brutus, a close friend of Caesar, and Cassius, another honored Roman. Due to a fear of Caesar attempting to become emperor, Cassius wants to assassinate Caesar. With this desire, Cassius decides to add Brutus in his plot to eliminate Caesar, and togetherRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar Essay1833 Words   |  8 Pages INTRODUCTION The seemingly straightforward simplicity of â€Å"Julius Caesar† has made it a perennial favourite for almost 400 years. Despite its simplicity, almost Roman in nature, the play is rich both dramatically and thematically, and every generation since Shakespeare’s time has been able to identify with some political aspect of the play. The Victorians found a stoic, sympathetic character in Brutus and found Caesar unforgivably weak and tyrannical. As we move into the twenty-first century, audiencesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1850 Words   |  8 Pages often has greater effects even than death itself. Such talented literary figures, such as William Shakespeare, recognized that a betrayal, especially that of a friend by a friend, constitutes one of the basest and darkest deeds of which humans are capable. Shakespeare was so intrigued by this concept that he instilled it in some of his greatest literary works. Although William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar provides a largely accurate and incredibly detailed record of the assassination of its namesakeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar Essay2414 Words   |  10 Pages Christa Kiesling AP Lang Block 1 Mr. Snider 6 Nov. 2016 RA1 William Shakespeare, in his historical play Julius Caesar, makes the characters Brutus and Antony utilize rhetorical strategies in order to win the favour of the Roman people for their own purposes. These two speakers try to convince the audience of different things: where Brutus, who speaks first, was trying to subdue the passions of the mob and use logic to win acceptance for his murderous actions, Antony, who had to follow Brutus, wasRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar760 Words   |  4 Pagespeople of Rome. In Julius Caesar written by William Shakespeare, Brutus and Antony address the people over Caesar’s dead body. The body is brought to the town square shortly after he was murdered by the Senate. Brutus, one of the murderers, appeals to the people’s fear and patriotism. Antony speaks after and puts doubts of the justification of the murder and plays to the people’s hearts. Brutus addresses the crowd by using his reputation to support his reasons for killing Caesar. He starts his speechRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar804 Words   |  4 Pagesthe phenomenal, as well as tyrannical, Roman rulers throughout history, Julius Caesar is by far the most prominent. This fame is due in no small part to William Shakespeare and his play that bears the same name. However, although Caesar is the play’s namesake, the story’s central focus is on Brutus and Caius Cassius and their plot to assassinate Caesar. When discussing Antony’s fate in Act II scene 1 of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Brutus argues against what he perceives as the unnecessary and brutal

The American Dream, And All Its Splendor (Great Gatsby)...

The 1920s were a decade of rebirth characterised by the founding of the quot;American Dreamquot; -- the belief that anyone can, and should, achieve material success. The defining writer of the 1920s was F. Scott Fitzgerald whose most famous novel, The Great Gatsby, has become required reading for present-day high school students. We study Fitzgeralds novel for the same reason we study Shakespeare. The literature composed by both authors contains themes and morals that continue to be relevant to modern society. As a result, this novel could have easily been written in modern times. In his novel, Fitzgerald criticises the American Dream by describing its negative characteristics: class struggles between the rich and the poor, the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I thought he knew something about breeding but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe† (Fitzgerald 39). The adulterous behaviour of Myrtle and Tom, as well as the carelessness of Daisy and Jordan, illustrates the corruptibility of the rich. Both Tom and Daisy are morally corrupt, having little concern for how they treat the people around them. â€Å"Daisy and her husband display their indifference to human values in episodes involving sexual exploitation and careless violence† (Fahey 72). The Buchanans are not the only shallow ones, Jordan is â€Å"incurably dishonest† and her opinion that â€Å"‘It takes two to make an accident,’†(Fitzgerald 63) is an attempt to justify of her thoughtlessness. ‘â€Å"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy -- they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Fitzgerald 187) says Nick. Since the wealthy social class which they belong to is immoral, they can get away with being corrupt; a corruption that comes from a false sense of security in their money, and the belief they have achived the american dream. One of the faults in the American dream is that it equates material wealth and possessions with happiness. However, not everything, nor everyone, can be bought. Nick, forShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream, and All Its Splendor (Great Gatsby)854 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1920s were a decade of rebirth characterised by the founding of the American Dream -- the belief that anyone can, and should, achieve material success. The defining writer of the 1920s was F. Scott Fitzgerald whose most famous novel, The Great Gatsby, has become required reading for present-day high school students. We study Fitzgeralds novel for the same reason we study Shakespeare. The literature composed by both authors contains themes and morals that continue to be relevant to modernRead More Jay Gatsby as Tragic Hero of Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesJay Gatsby as Tragic Hero of Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby According to Aristotle, there are a number of characteristics that identify a tragic hero: he must cause his own downfall; his fate is not deserved, and his punishment exceeds the crime; he also must be of noble stature and have greatness. These are all characteristics of Jay Gatsby, the main character of Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby.   Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero according to Aristotles definition.  Ã‚   Jay Gatsby is an enormouslyRead More Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesFitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle invented a list of criteria in an attempt to determine the exact definition of a tragic hero.   The list states the following - the tragic hero must cause his own down fall; the tragic heros fate is undeserved; the tragic heros punishment exceeds his crime; the tragic hero must be a great and noble person according to the standards of the current society.   In Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby can be defined as a tragicRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald778 Words   |  4 PagesMidterm Essay In The Great Gatsby, Scott Fitzgerald depicts The American Dream as a positive meanwhile it gives hope those that want to follow it. The American Dream is something all Americans or incoming immigrants want to have. The Dream includes freedom, opportunities, and responsibility. The dream in its infancy starts when Gatsby relocated himself to West Egg, the dream changes for Gatsby changes when lives across the bay from Daisy, and result of the dream ends when Gatsby dies. Ultimately, JayRead More Green Light in The Great Gatsby Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe Green Light in The Great Gatsby       The image of the green light in the novel Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a significant symbol which reflects Gatsbys dream and other aspects beyond Gatsbys longing.   Throughout the novel Fitzgerald uses many other images or symbols.   At first, it may seem very basic, but when the symbol is closely studied, one may see the deeper meaning found within it. Fitzgerald uses these symbols to make a point across to the readerRead MoreThe Grand Illusion in The Great Gatsby Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesThe American dream is a farce. Hopeful American children and quixotic foreigners believe that freedom will lead to prosperity, and that prosperity will bring happiness. This anticipation of joy will never come to fruition, and all these unfortunate people will feel that they were cheated out of happiness by some unlucky roll of dice, but really they have been chasing cars, because the American dream is not something one can truly capture, but only smoke trapped in the palm of a hand. In The GreatRead More Gatsbys Dream and Daisys Conflicts in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1163 Words   |  5 PagesGatsbys Dream and Daisys Conflicts in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Jay Gatsby, the central character of F. Scott Fitzgerald?s The Great Gatsby symbolizes the American dream. The American dream offers faith in the possibility of a better life. Its attendant illusion is the belief that material wealth alone can bring that dream to fruition. Through Gatsby, Fitzgerald brings together both these ideas. Jay Gatsby thinks money is the answer to anything he encounters. He has theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1249 Words   |  5 Pagesof the many events that occurred at the time. Nearly all the people enjoyed their fortunes and fed their hunger for materialistic items by constantly buying new things that they did not need. This strange desire for material items had become the American Dream; this is what people wanted. In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald writes about various characters who spend their entire life trying to achieve their money-based American Dream. Despite their vast efforts, they never reach it. FitzgeraldRead More1.10 the Great Gatsby Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesPart I: Character Behavior Consequences Jay Gatsby Self absorbed He’s let down when all of his action don’t give him the results he wants. Daisy Buchanan Careless, selfish She gets the attention she seeks and the guilt becomes too much; especially when the tables turn and she finds out Tom is cheating. Tom Buchanan Firm, barbaric He loses his mistress and his wife begins to have an affair. Jordan Baker Self-centered , dishonest Nick leaves her forever. Myrtle Wilson Read MoreThe Great Gatsby942 Words   |  4 PagesJay Gatsby |   idealistic and unrealistic | Gatsbys love obsession with Daisy drives him to great ends in which to earn her requited love. | Daisy Buchanan |   Self-centered, immoral |   Perhaps Daisy did not have any consequences because she never had any real attachment to anything in her life, only instant gratification and material pursuits to ease her boredom with life. | Tom Buchanan |   hypocritical, and arrogant |   Tom does not suffer any real consequences | Jordan Baker    |   her

Cyber Bullying or Stalking-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Cyber Bullying or Stalking. Answer: Introduction: Cyber bullying or stalking happens when somebody takes part in hostile, threatening or annoying conduct using modern technology. It can happen to individuals at any age, whenever, and frequently namelessly. There are various examples of such conduct which are as follows: sending oppressive messages and messages; barring or scaring others on the web; over and again sending undesirable messages on the web; Posting frightful messages, pictures or recordings on the web (Campbell 2017). Various types of computerized correspondence which is unfair, scary, expected to cause hurt or makes somebody fear for their wellbeing. Much the same as harassing in the disconnected world, not all internet tormenting is criminal. There are Australian laws which apply to genuine online provocation and web based tormenting conduct. Under the Criminal Code Act 1995, it is an offense to utilize the web, web-based social networking or a phone to threat, disturb or cause offense. The greatest punishment for this offense is three years detainment or a fine of more than $30,000 (Barlett and Coyne 2014). Cyber bullying has increased expanding consideration in the media as of late. There are likewise stalking offenses in each state and domain. While there is an inclination to portray cyber bullying as an old conduct (harassing) utilizing another medium (innovation), current look into demonstrates that cyber bullying has a few factors that may build the deceptive idea of this conduct. This lead may happen on the web (for instance, by email or on long range informal communication destinations) or by means of instant message. Stalking includes a persevering course of direct by a man against a casualty, which plans to make them feel dreadful, awkward, insulted or bugged (Kowalski 2014). Recent trend in cyber bullying in Australia: Australia has a past filled with internet harassing in the two schools and business situations. In 2013, Australia positioned as the best nation on the planet for cyber bullying via web-based networking media with one out of each four children encountering harassing via web-based networking media locales. That same year, it was assessed that right around 80% of Australia's children less than 10 years old utilized social media (Cross et al 2015). Many guardians screen their youngsters' utilization of the web, yet you essentially can't be all over the place, especially if your kid is going on the web through a portable, "Children are by and large better informed than grown-ups, and more equipped for controlling innovation and stages than their folks by means of security settings and concealing program history. It's essential to note that while the most mainstream social stages do expect clients to be no less than 13-years of age, look into demonstrates close of half of young people who utilize organizing locales confess to lying about their age. Children are savvy and in the event that they don't need you to comprehend what they're doing, by and large, they'll discover a way (Papatraianou, vine and West 014)." Reports from the Australia Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) demonstrated that from 2009 to 2013, the level of kids in Australia matured 8-9 years of age who considered online networking a 'basic piece of their lives' multiplied. Despite the fact that guardians perceived the significance of digital wellbeing with their youngsters, there appeared to be a crevice when it came to educating their more youthful children online security propensities. By teaching their children on the most proficient method to utilize the Internet securely at an early age, guardians could enable them to abstain from tormenting issues as they develop into youngsters (Bonanno and Hymel 2013). Measurements demonstrate that more than 35% of Australian kids 8-11 years of age possess a cell phone. When it came to high school goers matured 16-17 years of age, this figure rose to 94%. Records demonstrate the quantity of Australian kids getting to the Internet by means of advanced cell is consistently expanding; sadly, excessively few are accepting the online security preparing they require from dependable grown-ups to shield them from cyber attacks. As an exceptionally created nation, Australia appreciates every one of the advantages that advanced innovation brings to the table. On a worldwide scale, Australian natives are among the absolute most associated individuals on the planet, with numerous net users owning at least three computerized gadgets. Improved availability makes it considerably simpler for cyber bullying to pervade a general public. Late reports show that in Australia, one out of each 8 individuals have encountered Internet harassing. Cyber bullying is incurring significant damage on Australian youth and grown-ups. The more dependent individuals are to online use and web-based social networking, the more noteworthy their odds of being a harassing target. In the same way as other different societies around the globe, Australians have demonstrated an expanded reliance on computerized innovation for correspondences, business exchanges and socialization. 'Techno-stress' (powerlessness to withdraw from the Internet), "FONK" (dread of not knowing) and "FOMO" (dread of passing up a major opportunity) are only a couple of the wonders that have emerged because of expanded network. Australian youngsters and high school goers, specifically, have encountered these wonders in connection to online networking, making them simple prey for tormenting on informal community locales (Cross et al 2015). By definition, cyber bullying shares similar attributes of customary tormenting just it happens through computerized implies, i.e. sites, online networking, talk rooms, messages and messaging on cell phones. Cyber bullies have been known to carry on savagely and without notice in propelling their assaults. Not at all like conventional tormenting, cyber bullying can encroach upon a man's security anyplace there is an association on the web; this implies casualties can feel its negative impacts in the protection of their home, at work, at school or pretty much anyplace they have an online association. Australian youth who associate as often as possible to online networking increment their danger of being casualties of predators, groomers and pedophiles (Hinduja and Patchin 2014). In spite of the fact that there are no laws against cyber bullying in Australia, fundamentally, states can utilize current enactment to indict genuine digital offenses. Along these lines, Australians can quit cyber bullying from making further progress into their general public. In Victoria, cyber bullies can be indicted for stalking and extreme online badgering under new arrangements that fortify the Victorian Crimes Act 1958. Australian police likewise urge observers to resist cyber bullying as it diminishes the harassing conduct. Research demonstrates that cyber bullies frequently stop or limit their conduct inside 10 minutes when witnesses mediate. Australian police are especially worried about the damage cyber bullying can cause youthful kids who are guileless about utilizing social destinations (Cassidy, Faucher and Jackson 2013). Penalties of Cyber Bullying in Australia: One of the most concerning issues with cyber bullying incorporates being notable escape it. The messages, writings, photographs or other material posted online that are planned to hurt or bug an individual ends up plainly hard to evacuate as they are shared on the web and can be gotten to by many individuals (Hemphill 2015). The harasser might be somebody the individual knows or simply be somebody they don't have a clue. Digital domineering jerks may likewise fall back on spreading bits of gossip, blocking correspondence, taking passwords and personalities, and in addition setting up fake profiles and posting wrong substance for a person's benefit (Papatraianou, Levin and West 2014). There are various criminal laws that can apply to cyber bullies. Be that as it may, since there are no particular cyber bullying offenses in Australia, the guilty party must be considered equipped for being in charge of their own behavior. This implies youthful guilty parties less than 10 years old won't be responsible for their tormenting while others in the vicinity of 10 and 14 years old might be held liable where it can be demonstrated past sensible uncertainty that they realized that they ought not to have done what they did (Bonanno and Hymel 2013). Anybody over the age of 14 will be considered criminally dependable. The offense is considered cyber bullying when it includes as follows: Threats: Trying to purposefully unnerve somebody by utilizing any cell phones, messages, or online posts is viewed as a criminal offense. The punishment for debilitating to murder somebody can be up to 10 years in prison. On However, that the danger depends on a person's race, transgender personality or sexual introduction, the domineering jerk might be punished for up to a half year in prison (Hinduja and Patchin 2014). Utilizing the Internet or a telephone in a hassling, undermining, or hostile way: If these gadgets are utilized to spread messages or posts which can possibly be seen as hostile and can cause outrage, shock, appall or mortification, the punishment can be up to 3 years in prison (Hemphill et al 2015). Defamation: Publishing false data by means of the Internet to cause them genuine damage is an offense deserving of 3 years in prison. The land mark case in relation to online defamation in Australia is the case of Rindos v Hardwick 1994 WASC in this case the precedent related to online defamation was created by the court which found that publishing information online can also result in defamation. Stalking: Cyber bullying is considered stalking when the harasser over and over contacts a person with the aim to threaten or startle them. This may include undesirable telephone calls, sending continuous instant messages or messages and making the casualty fear for their wellbeing. This offense holds a greatest punishment of 5 years in prison (Hemphill, Kotevski and Heerde 2015). In the case if Thomas v Campbell (2003) 9 VR 136 it had been ruled by the court that four elements are required to establish cyber stalking which are that there has to be a course of conduct, the conduct has to involve a protracted act. The act must be performed by the accused with the intention of causing harm to the other person. There must be apprehension of fear in the victim because if the course of action. Unauthorized access: Logging into someone else's online record without authorization and review or adjusting their data is deserving of 2 years in prison. Empowering suicide: Cyber bullying with a goal to actuate self-mischief or suicide on the casualty can send a guilty party to imprison for a long time (Katz et al 2014). Laws governing Cyber Bullying in Australia: While there are no particular digital tormenting offenses in Australia, there are various criminal laws that might be utilized to charge digital harassing guilty parties. Be that as it may, before a guilty party can be charged, they should be equipped for being esteemed by the law to be in charge of their own behavior (Cassidy, Faucher and Jackson 2013). Those digital domineering jerks that are under 10 years old won't be at risk for their activities, while those matured in the vicinity of 10 and 14 might be obligated where it can be demonstrated past sensible uncertainty that they comprehended that they ought not to have submitted the offense. Likewise any guilty party more than 14 years will be criminally subject (Baek and Bullock201 4). The Commonwealth Criminal Code Act 1995 makes it a criminal offense to abuse media transmission administrations. Since digital tormenting involves the manhandle of web and telephone benefits, these laws may give a type of change against digital domineering jerks. The Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s 60E makes it an offense to 'attack, stalk, annoy or threaten any school understudy or individual from staff of a school, while the understudy or individual from staff is going to a school' (Kokkinos, Antoniadou and Markos 2014). While no doubt harassing particular enactment would be the best road to seek after a tormenting related offense, the broadness of the enactment is constrained just to staff and understudies while 'going to the school' characterized in s 60D (2) as that which happens on the school premises, or while entering or leaving the school premises regarding school work, obligation or care (Baek and Bullock 2014). Conclusion: Cyber bullying influences a huge extent of youngsters in Australia. The pervasiveness has risen extensively since it initially wound up noticeably saw as an issue, and it may in any case be expanding as more youngsters approach the web (Lester et al 2016). Numerous nations globally are presenting new laws or different measures to counteract cyber bullying, bolster casualties and prevent cyber bullies. To date there is definitely not enough research to know which of these arrangement methodologies will be fruitful. While numerous members, both youngsters and grown-ups, showed that another law could be acquainted with disentangle and clear up the present punishments identified with cyber bullying, many concerns and issues were featured. Any new law will be counter-gainful in the event that it essentially serves to criminalize helpless youngsters who act incautiously or negligently, and who don't have the limit to process the outcomes and effect of their practices. Any variety to existi ng laws ought to be presented as a major aspect of an organized approach which manages offenses in a way that is proper to the formative phase of the cyber bully, while likewise touchy to the requirements of the casualty. It ought to be a piece of a process went for making safe online conditions for youngsters and youngsters, counting having reference the to the Rights of the Child, Child Protection approaches, and the National Safe Schools Framework (Holfeld 2014). References: Baek, J. and Bullock, L.M., 2014. Cyberbullying: A cross-cultural perspective.Emotional and behavioural difficulties,19(2), pp.226-238. Barlett, C. and Coyne, S.M., 2014. A meta?analysis of sex differences in cyber?bullying behavior: The moderating role of age.Aggressive Behavior,40(5), pp.474-488. Bonanno, R.A. and Hymel, S., 2013. Cyber bullying and internalizing difficulties: Above and beyond the impact of traditional forms of bullying.Journal of youth and adolescence,42(5), pp.685-697. Campbell, M.A., Whiteford, C., Duncanson, K., Spears, B., Butler, D. and Slee, P.T., 2017. Cyberbullying Bystanders: Gender, Grade, and Actions among Primary and Secondary School Students in Australia.International Journal of Technoethics (IJT),8(1), pp.44-55. Cassidy, W., Faucher, C. and Jackson, M., 2013. Cyberbullying among youth: A comprehensive review of current international research and its implications and application to policy and practice.School Psychology International,34(6), pp.575-612. Cross, D., Barnes, A., Papageorgiou, A., Hadwen, K., Hearn, L. and Lester, L., 2015. A socialecological framework for understanding and reducing cyberbullying behaviours.Aggression and Violent Behavior,23, pp.109-117. Hemphill, S.A., Kotevski, A. and Heerde, J.A., 2015. Longitudinal associations between cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization and problem behavior and mental health problems in young Australians.International journal of public health,60(2), pp.227-237. Hemphill, S.A., Tollit, M., Kotevski, A. and Heerde, J.A., 2015. Predictors of traditional and cyber-bullying victimization: a longitudinal study of Australian secondary School students.Journal of interpersonal violence,30(15), pp.2567-2590. Hinduja, S. and Patchin, J.W., 2014.Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Corwin Press. Holfeld, B., 2014. Perceptions and attributions of bystanders to cyber bullying.Computers in Human Behavior,38, pp.1-7. Katz, I., Keeley, M., Spears, B., Taddeo, C., Swirski, T. and Bates, S., 2014.Research on Youth Exposure To, and Management Of, Cyberbullying Incidents in Australia: Syntheses Report. Social Policy Research Centre. Kokkinos, C.M., Antoniadou, N. and Markos, A., 2014. Cyber-bullying: An investigation of the psychological profile of university student participants.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,35(3), pp.204-214. Kowalski, R.M., Giumetti, G.W., Schroeder, A.N. and Lattanner, M.R., 2014. Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Lester, L., Lester, L., Cross, D., Cross, D., Terrelinck, D., Terrelinck, D., Falconer, S., Falconer, S., Thomas, L. and Thomas, L., 2016. Encouraging the positive use of technology through community engagement.Safer Communities,15(3), pp.134-141. Modecki, K.L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A.G., Guerra, N.G. and Runions, K.C., 2014. Bullying prevalence across contexts: A meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying.Journal of Adolescent Health,55(5), pp.602-611. Papatraianou, L.H., Levine, D. and West, D., 2014. Resilience in the face of cyberbullying: an ecological perspective on young peoples experiences of online adversity.Pastoral Care in Education,32(4), pp.264-283. Rindos v Hardwick 1994 WASC Thomas v Campbell (2003) 9 VR 136